Editing Help:Citing sources
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=== Basic usage: citing a source once === | === Basic usage: citing a source once === | ||
- | Footnotes are written in articles by surrounding the source with <nowiki> | + | Footnotes are written in articles by surrounding the source with the tags <tt><nowiki><ref></nowiki></tt> and <tt><nowiki></ref></nowiki></tt>. To pick up on the example above, if you found a particular fact in a team's media guide, and felt it was important that the connection between the fact and the source be recorded explicitly, you might write |
<pre> | <pre> | ||
- | Smith claims to be descended from | + | Smith claims to be descended from a family that came over on the Mayflower.<ref>2010 New York Knights Media Guide</ref> |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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You may encounter a case where you want to use footnotes to specifically mention the same source multiple times within an article. There would be nothing wrong with repeating the reference tag multiple times: | You may encounter a case where you want to use footnotes to specifically mention the same source multiple times within an article. There would be nothing wrong with repeating the reference tag multiple times: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
- | Smith claims to be descended from | + | Smith claims to be descended from a family that came over on the Mayflower.<ref>2010 New York Knights Media Guide</ref> |
- | + | He was also the first Major League player to swim across the English Channel.<ref>2010 New York Knights Media Guide</ref> | |
- | He was also the first Major League player to swim across the English Channel. | + | |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
A more sophisticated method, which can also save you some typing, is to use the same reference multiple times. To do this, the first time you use the reference, you'll give it a label; for instance, you might abbreviate the source as <tt>2010knights</tt>. Then, you can use it multiple times like so: | A more sophisticated method, which can also save you some typing, is to use the same reference multiple times. To do this, the first time you use the reference, you'll give it a label; for instance, you might abbreviate the source as <tt>2010knights</tt>. Then, you can use it multiple times like so: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
- | Smith claims to be descended from | + | Smith claims to be descended from a family that came over on the Mayflower.<ref name="2010knights">2010 New York Knights Media Guide</ref> |
- | + | He was also the first Major League player to swim across the English Channel.<ref name="2010knights"/> | |
- | He was also the first Major League player to swim across the English Channel. | + | |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
- | The first time you use the source, you give the full details in the note, and give it a name. After that, you only need to refer to the source using the | + | The first time you use the source, you give the full details in the note, and give it a name. After that, you only need to refer to the source using the name; the Encyclopedia will know to re-use that same footnote again the second and subsequent times. |
A few notes on this procedure: | A few notes on this procedure: | ||
- | # The | + | # The name of the footnote is completely arbitrary, though it makes sense to try to pick something that is derived from the name of the source you're using. |
- | # You only need to | + | # You only need to name footnotes if you plan to re-use them somewhere else, but it is harmless if you name a footnote and don't re-use it. |
+ | # The second and subsequent times you use the footnote, note that the reference is closed with a <tt><nowiki>/></nowiki></tt>; the trailing slash is used in the second and subsequent uses of the footnote only. | ||
'''Examples''': See [[Marv Danielson]]'s page for an example of the multiple-use technique in action. | '''Examples''': See [[Marv Danielson]]'s page for an example of the multiple-use technique in action. | ||
- | + | == Templates for citing commonly-used sources == | |
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Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite types of sources commonly used in baseball research. | Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite types of sources commonly used in baseball research. | ||
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* For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it — click the template name (e.g. {{[[Template:cite-book|cite-book]]}} in the "Template" column of the table below. | * For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it — click the template name (e.g. {{[[Template:cite-book|cite-book]]}} in the "Template" column of the table below. | ||
* Copy and paste the text under "Common usage" to use the template. | * Copy and paste the text under "Common usage" to use the template. | ||
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{| class="prettytable" | {| class="prettytable" | ||
! Source | ! Source | ||
! Template | ! Template | ||
- | ! Common usage | + | ! Common usage |
+ | ! Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Book | | Book | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-book|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-book|cite-book]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-book | title= | last=| first=| publisher= | city= | year | + | | <pre>{{cite-book | title= | last=| first=| publisher= | city= | year= }}</pre> |
- | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Newspaper | | Newspaper | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-newspaper|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-newspaper|cite-newspaper]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-newspaper | title= | newspaper= | year= | month= | day= | pages= | last= | first | + | | <pre>{{cite-newspaper | title= | newspaper= | year= | month= | day= | pages= | last= | first= }}</pre> |
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|- | |- | ||
| Web | | Web | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-web|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-web|cite-web]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-web | url= | + | | <pre>{{cite-web | url= | year= | month= | day= }}</pre> |
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|- | |- | ||
| SSDI | | SSDI | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-ssdi|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-ssdi|cite-ssdi]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-ssdi | ssn= | + | | <pre>{{cite-ssdi | ssn= }}</pre> |
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|- | |- | ||
| Scorecard | | Scorecard | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-scorecard|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-scorecard|cite-scorecard]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-scorecard | team= | month= | day= | year | + | | <pre>{{cite-scorecard | team= | month= | day= | year= }}</pre> |
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|- | |- | ||
| Baseball card | | Baseball card | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-baseball-card|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-baseball-card|cite-baseball-card]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-baseball-card | year= | team= | league= | maker | + | | <pre>{{cite-baseball-card | year= | team= | league= | maker= }}</pre> |
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|- | |- | ||
| Official rules | | Official rules | ||
- | | {{[[Template:cite-mlb-rules|cite | + | | {{[[Template:cite-mlb-rules|cite-mlb-rules]]}} |
- | | <pre>{{cite-mlb-rules | | | }} | + | | <pre>{{cite-mlb-rules | | | }}</pre> |
- | + | | <pre>{{Cite-mlb-rules|6|05|f}})</pre> | |
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- | | <pre>{{ | + | |
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|} | |} | ||
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+ | |||
+ | === Date formatting === | ||
+ | Dates are displayed in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 International standard format]. This means all four digits of the year, and two digits for the month and the day. The software will take care of making the month and the day two digits, but be sure to use the full year. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Newspaper Articles === | ||
+ | This is the same citation as above, but this time in more detail: | ||
+ | <pre><nowiki> | ||
+ | {{cite-newspaper | title=Shlabotnik Fired After First Game | newspaper=Waffletown Brunch-Herald | year=1964 | month=4 | day=1 }} | ||
+ | </nowiki></pre> | ||
+ | This would create a reference that looks just like what you'll see if you click on the footnote at the end of this sentence<ref>{{cite-newspaper | title=Shlabotnik Fired After First Game | newspaper=Waffletown Brunch-Herald | month=4 | day=1 | year=1964}}</ref>. | ||
+ | So for a newspaper, you need to set: | ||
+ | * <tt>title</tt>: The title of the article. (For obituaries with no title, use <tt>title=Obituary</tt>.) | ||
+ | * <tt>newspaper</tt>: The name of the newspaper the article appeared in. | ||
+ | * <tt>month</tt>: The month the article appeared (an integer from 1 to 12). | ||
+ | * <tt>day</tt>: The day the article appeared (an integer from 1 to 31). | ||
+ | * <tt>year</tt>: The year the article appeared (four digits). | ||
+ | And you can optionally set: | ||
+ | * <tt>pages</tt>: The page number(s) of the article. | ||
+ | * <tt>last</tt>: The last name of the author, if the article is bylined. | ||
+ | * <tt>first</tt>: The first name of the author, if the article is bylined. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The order doesn't matter. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Books === | ||
+ | The book template is still a work in progress, but it does have all of the fields you need to enter information: | ||
+ | <pre><nowiki> | ||
+ | {{cite-book | title=On managing | last=Shlabotnik | first=Joe | publisher=Red Baron Press | city=New York | year=1962 }} | ||
+ | </nowiki></pre> | ||
+ | This creates this citation: | ||
+ | * {{cite-book | title=On managing | last=Shlabotnik | first=Joe | publisher=Red Baron Press | city=New York | year=1962 }} | ||
+ | The fields are: | ||
+ | * <tt>title</tt>: The title of the book. | ||
+ | * <tt>first</tt>: The first name of the primary author of the book. | ||
+ | * <tt>last</tt>: The last name of the primary author of the book. | ||
+ | * <tt>authors</tt>: If there are multiple authors, the additional authors of the book, listed in natural order, separated by commas: | ||
+ | <pre>authors=John Smith, Jane Wilson, Rogers Hornsby</pre> | ||
+ | * <tt>publisher</tt>: The publisher of the book. | ||
+ | * <tt>city</tt>: The city in which the publisher of the book is located (follow standard [http://www.aresearchguide.com/11guide.html#place MLA guidelines]). | ||
+ | * <tt>year</tt>: The year of initial publication. | ||
+ | If you leave out some pieces of information and include others, it may look a bit off right now (random punctuation in the wrong place). The template will be updated eventually to deal with this situation, but for now please do enter whatever information you have, and don't worry about the appearance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Web sites === | ||
+ | {{Template:cite-web/doc}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | This will create a reference that looks like the first footnote in this article, which had this code: | ||
+ | <pre><nowiki> | ||
+ | {{cite-web| url=http://library.duke.edu/research/citing/ | year=2009 | month=5 | day=7}} | ||
+ | </nowiki></pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Social Security Death Index === | ||
+ | {{template:cite-ssdi/doc}} | ||
+ | === Scorecards === | ||
+ | {{Template:cite-scorecard/doc}} | ||
+ | === Baseball cards === | ||
+ | {{Template:Cite-baseball-card/doc}} | ||
+ | === Official rules of major league baseball === | ||
+ | {{Template:Cite-mlb-rules/doc}} | ||
+ | <references /> |