Defensive Efficiency Record

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Defensive Efficiency Record (DER) is a baseball statistic invented by Bill James to estimate the percentage of balls put in play by the opposition that a team's defense turned into outs. DER was privately published by James in 1980[1] and first publicly published in 1982 [2]. Like Fielding Percentage, DER is shown with three decimal places.

Formula

The process is to take the average of two estimates of plays made (PM) and divide by the estimated total of balls put in play.


PM1 = PO − K − DP − CA − OFA where CA is total assists for team's catchers and OFA is total assists for team's outfielders.

PM2 = BFP - K - H - W - HBP - 5\;\times\;E/6


PM = \frac{PM1 + PM2}{2}

DER = \frac{PM}{PM + 5/6\;\times\;E + H - HR}

Footnotes

  1. ↑ James, Bill. 1980 Baseball Abstract. 1980.
  2. ↑ James, Bill. The Bill James Baseball Abstract 1982. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.
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