Defensive Efficiency Record

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Defensive Efficiency Record (DER) is a baseball statistic invented by Bill James to estimate the percentage of balls put in play by the opposition that a team's defense turned into outs. DER was privately published by James in 1980[1] and first publicly published in 1982 [2]. Like Fielding Percentage, DER is shown with three decimal places.

[edit] Formula

The process is to take the average of two estimates of plays made (PM) and divide by the estimated total of balls put in play.


PM1 = PO - K - DP - CA - OFA\,

where

  • CA is total assists for team's catchers, and
  • OFA is total assists for team's outfielders.


PM2 = BFP - K - H - W - HBP - 5\;\times\;E/6


PM = \frac{PM1 + PM2}{2}

DER = \frac{PM}{PM + 5/6\;\times\;E + H - HR}

Footnotes

  1. ↑ James, Bill. 1980 Baseball Abstract. 1980.
  2. ↑ James, Bill. The Bill James Baseball Abstract 1982. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.
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